PC Troubleshooting Guide

 Introduction

Here you will learn about the computer troubleshooting tips, how to fix hardware errors, networking how to, and learn how to fix the software errors. Troubleshooting the computer problems is a very vital role of the system administrators, hardware technicians and system specialists. Every hardware component in the computer system has its own configurations methods and troubleshooting techniques. 

If you use a computer at your home or in office, this guide will be wonderful help for you in diagnostic and troubleshooting your basic computer problems. There are some basic techniques and you should be aware of them. If you encounter a slow boot up problem, there are some basic tips and by implementing these tricks you can increase the speed of your computer.

Routing Explained

Router

A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more and selectively interchanges packets of data  between them. Each data packet contains address information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination are on the same network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to another. Where multiple routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the routers exchange information about target system addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the preferred paths between any two systems on the interconnected networks.

A router is a networking device whose software and hardware are customized to the tasks of routing and forwarding  information. A router has two or more network interfaces, which may be to different physical types of network (such as copper cables, fiber, or wireless) or different network standards. Each network interface is a specialized device that converts electric signals from one form to another.

Routers connect two or more logical subnets, each having a different network address. The sub-nets in the router do not necessarily map one-to-one to the physical interfaces of the router.[1] The term "layer 3 switching" is often used interchangeably with the term "routing". The term switching is generally used to refer to data forwarding between two network devices with the same network address. This is also called layer 2 switching or LAN switching.

Conceptually, a router operates in two operational planes (or sub-systems):[2]

    * Control plane: where a router builds a table (called routing table) as how a packet should be forwarded through which interface, by using either statically configured statements (called static routes) or by exchanging information with other routers in the network through a dynamical routing protocol;
    * Forwarding plane: where the router actually forwards traffic (called packets in IP) from ingress (incoming) interfaces to an egress (outgoing) interface that is appropriate for the destination address that the packet carries with it, by following rules derived from the routing table that has been built in the control plane.

Overview of the Wireless Networking

 An Overview of the Wireless Networking

Here you will find wireless networking tutorials, what is wifi, general security overview, wlans, wpans, wmans, wep and wireless access control overview. Whether you want to make a phone call from your mobile, received a message on your pager, checked your email from a PDA we have come across a wireless data or voice network.

If a user or a company wants to make a data portable then Wireless networking is the answer. A wireless networking system can avoid the downtime, which may be caused in the wired network. A wireless network is also save your time and efforts in installing the lot of cables.

Also, if you need to relocate a client machine in your office, you only need to move the computer with wireless network card.

Wireless Computer Networking

 Wireless computer networking means that the communication between computers without the clustered wires.  It is ideal for the situations where the cabling is not possible.  There are different types of wireless network such as WLAN (which is based on the IEEE 802.11b standard), Wi-Fi, WI-Max, GSM, Blue tooth and Infrared etc.  The signals are usually transmitted through radio and electromagnetic waves.  The hardware devices that are used in a wireless network are routers, switches, access point, wireless LAN cards, adapters, antennas, bridges, PCMCIA cards, WLAN access, station adapters and wireless modems. 

IT Glossary

Glossary

Here you will find introduction to network glossary, LAN/WAN terminology, telecommunication terminology such as Router, bandwidth, wireless communication, hubs, modems, multiplexer and topology. You will be able to find different terms such as Hubs, Router, Switch, Ethernet, Raid, coaxial cable, bridge, fiber optic, internet, infrared, email, repeater, segment, thick-net etc and many other terms.

Communication Devices

Introduction to the Network Communication Devices

In this tutorial you will learn get the basic introduction to network devices such as NIC {Network Interface control } adapters, Routers, Hubs, Switches, Modems, communication cables,LAN/WAN Routers, Gateway and other Devices. A Network is consists of a larger number of the communication devices. The simplest device that is used in the communication is the NIC adapter which is attached with the every computer in a network. If you want to build a LAN, you will need to have computers, hubs, switches, network adapters, UTP/STP cables, routers, internal/external modems, connectors, cable testers and clipping tool.

About of Networking Layers

OSI 7 Layers Reference Model

Here you will learn OSI Model Layer Introduction, overview of the 7 OSI reference model,application, presentation, session, transport, network and physical layers. If you want to remember the sequence of the OSI layers model name then the following two sentences can help you a lot for this purpose.“All People Seems To Need Data Processing”. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is developed by ISO (International organization for standardization) in 1984. OSI reference model is a logical framework for standards for the network communication.

OSI reference model is now considered as a primary standard for inter networking and inter computing. Today many network communication protocols are based on the standards of OSI model. In the OSI model the network/data communication is defined into seven layers.

Networking Tutorials Overview

Networking Overview

Find computer network tutorials, wireless communication guide, LAN/WAN guide, local area network tools, wan introduction, osi layers model and many other advance topics of data communication. This is very informative site for the IT people specially in the field of computer networking. You will also find data communication overview, tech guides , data communication related information, topologies, tech study guide, Router Labs, IT certifications, Ethernet guide, free IT resources, ip addressing tools, telecommunication guide and many other informative resources. Data communication is a process of sharing data and shared resources between two or more connected computers. The shared resources can include printer, Fax modem, Hard disk, CD/DVD Rom, Database and the data files.

Home Computer Networking

Instruction

Here you will get the basic Introduction Home Computer Networking-Basic Setup, wireless access point, lan troubleshooting, lan connectivity, dsl modem, gateway device, vpn and wi-fi. Computer Networks exists for more than 30 years and only recently they have become more popular at home both in forms of wired and wireless networking. Now many computer literate people from all over the world wish to have a computer network at home. There are many advantages and usage of a network, which we have described in the other sections of this website.

How to configure network

 "How to Configure Network"

1- How to Configure a Network

2-Peer to Peer network model

3-Client/Server Network Model

4-Configuration Steps